Wednesday, March 26, 2008

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A man is an energy machine. Come, digested food into energy means that after the temperature used to maintain, move, for all its internal functions, to think (but spends little on this.)

ingest around about 2000 Cal (some eat more). Ovid often 1 Cal = 1000 cal. The capital "C" is important. A calorie is a quantity of work (1 cal = 4186 joules). Much of what we eat is going to maintain our temperature. Our inner metabolism increases, our sweat, the conversion of liquid water into steam decreases. Thus, a body yields about 150 Joules per second (1 J / s = 1 Watt). The part of the head remains, about 20 Watts. We're kind of light bulb that shines shortly. If we gather 10 people in a small room, the temperature rises because we issued a little stove.

is more costly to maintain our temperature if cold. Our brain tells substances quickly eat high in calories. In warm weather, we decided to eat less. If someone wants to lose weight, you get cold faster than going to a sauna, but it is less enjoyable.

The human body also retains an electrical charge. If you walk down a carpet with insulating rubber shoes, the load generated by friction is not transmitted to the ground. We loaded. Touching the door handle, feel a spark. If then we kiss a loved one, we noticed the magic of electricity (not chemistry).

Any modification of our environment requires an energy exchange. Man gets and gives energy constantly and in many ways. Is modified and adjust what surroundings. Is affected by and affects machines. On balance, they say, is wisdom.

Wednesday, March 12, 2008

Will Farrel Fart Skit

The postulate of quantum mechanics as

process as uncontrollable affects the measured physical system. This implies that a scientific theory is consistently limited to describe the outcome of any comment without trying to find an ultimate truth in nature. In this spirit that built the Quantum Mechanics (MC). It is an epistemological revolution.

1) How do you describe a quantum system?

Classical physics describes nature through their observable. For example, Newton's equations describe the position of a particle. The MC, however, describes the information of a physical system through the call wave function. For a prediction of an observable, we must act with an operator representing the observable on the wave function. The wave function itself is not observable.

2) How is an observable in MC?

An observable corresponds to a self-adjoint operator that can act on the wave function of the system. Is the mathematical representation of a meter.

3) Is it possible to find any results when measuring an observable?

Part No. the postulate of the measure dictates that the possible outcomes when measuring an observable are the eigenvalues \u200b\u200bof the operator representing the observable.

4) Do I have to believe me?

The MC is based on a few unprovable assumptions. A long process has led to reductionist them. If they are correct or not should be decided based on the systematic verification of the predictions that follow. If we find experiments that contradict these principles should be abandoned. Throughout this century has not found any experiment that contradicts the MC.

5) When I measure an observable, is always the same?

No. The second part of measurement postulate dictates that when making an observation we get one of the eigenvalues \u200b\u200bof the operator representing the observable with a certain probability (calculated as the square modulus of the projection of the wave function of the eigenvector, is easier to write the corresponding formula!). The result is thus probabilistic.

6) "The world is not deterministic?

Right. Laplace's determinism is superseded by the postulate of the measure. There is an inherently random element in the measurement process. These are not imperfections of the apparatus of statistical errors or anything fitting. The process measure, as the MC, is inherently probabilistic.

7) What happens after you measure?

The wave function collapses to the eigenvector associated with the outcome. Then evolves deterministically according to Schrödinger's equation.

postulate Opposition to the measure has been immortalized in Einstein's phrase: "God does not play dice in the atom." He always defended the existence of a local element of reality that would describe deterministically the probability distributions that we observe experimentally. During the twentieth century numerous confirmations of MC against local realistic theories have happened.

I make it clear that MC not only correctly describes a small group of experiments. The MC allows for predictions for full-featured, angular distributions, energy, all kinds. Formally, provides endless predictions. No wonder that today we use the MC to our advantage: lasers, atomic clocks, nuclear magnetic resonance, superconducting condensate, semiconductors and so on.

The MC is one of the finest intellectual constructs of humanity.

Saturday, March 1, 2008

Milena Velba Bus Pickpocket

Theory of Relativity of Einstein and scientific revolutions

The phrase "the driver is lost, be late" is disappearing. Many vehicles begin to incorporate a GPS (Global Positioning System) that lets us know where we are on Earth to within a few meters and can suggest a route not to be late. The GPS also allows a plane to fly almost pilot a ship to know their position at sea or determine how they are shifting the tectonic plates that make up the continents. We've all heard of this new technology without being aware that their work requires theories of Special Relativity (1905) and General Relativity (1915) of Albert Einstein.

The fundamental idea is that both theories help us understand how the time is measured by different watches. The operation of a GPS device is based on receiving signals from different clocks whose location is known and derive its own position from this information. To this end, thirty satellites orbiting the Earth. Each satellite carries a cesium atomic clock precision almost unimaginable: a tic every nanosecond ago and only delayed about 4 nanoseconds per day. The reason for such overwhelming accuracy is easy to understand. Light travels about 30 cm every nanosecond. If we want to accurately determine a position a few meters using electromagnetic signals from satellites, we measure time with an error less than about 20 nanoseconds. We need accurate clocks well synchronized. Here comes

Relativity. Time is not equal to a clock on a satellite to another we have at home. Here are two reasons. A, the clock in orbit is moving relative to our approximately 12 000 km / s. Two, our watch is immersed in an intense gravitational field. In the first case, the Special Theory of Relativity predicts the clock in orbit is delayed about 7 microseconds per day on the clock in our house. In the second case, the General Theory of Relativity dictates that the clock in orbit is ahead about 45 microseconds per day. Both effects combine so that, if not corrected, clocks are out of sync about 38 microseconds per day. In other words, if we do not use relativity, our GPS is useless after two minutes. After a day, would our position with an error of 10 km.

GPS incorporates, therefore, the equations of relativity! In fact, the orbiting clocks were set at the factory to make their tics more slowly and thus correct some of the relativistic effects mentioned above. It's a great history lesson: Einstein's theory, motivated by the need to unify the paradigms of classical physics and electromagnetism has led to a technological tool whose impact we begin to see.

We can speculate about the social impact of GPS. Combining GPS with the issuance of a signal can remotely monitor the position of any object. There are tracking systems for cars that may extend to all types of objects or people. The vision of a Big Brother who knows where every human being terrified me. It is urgent to initiate legislation limiting the use of GPS. Is it ethical to monitor the position of a worker? How a child? Like other times in the history of science, conceptual achievement means that we should use technology with agreed criteria and containment.

The GPS system operates under the control Department of Defense U.S.. Because relativity belongs to no one, Europe is building Galileo, its own civil GPS. Public investment in basic science is at least two justifications: their unpredictable fruit are produced on time frames greater than the need to return a company and also the knowledge gained must be public and non-proprietary.

The future will be a thousand times more fascinating to glimpse. Atomic clocks have a hundred thousand times more accurate than those used in the GPS system will stabilization, miniaturization and cheaper and that will locate an object with an accuracy of 1 cm. That object could be a car without a driver.

More than one young reader will be devising an original use of GPS, capable of providing the needed value. Without basic science, there is no further development or innovation. Quantum mechanics also awaits. The study and construction of atomic lasers will lead to slow quantum waves, capable of measuring distances with greater accuracy. (Younger readers, study quantum mechanics.)